Current Challenges Facing the Indian Economy — Class 12 Economics PYQs

Study the following picture :
Identify and select, the recent phenomenon in which demand for resources surpasses their supply.
Options :
(A) Economic growth
(B) Environmental crisis
(C) Technological advancement
(D) Cultural evolution
Note : The following question is for the visually impaired candidates only, in lieu of Q. No. 19.
Identify, which of the following is NOT one of the strategies for Sustainable Development.
Options :
(A) Use of non-conventional sources of energy
(B) Use of fossil fuel for transportation
(C) Use of traditional knowledge
(D) Use of organic compost manure

Read the following statements carefully :
Statement-1 : Hired workers may be regular salaried workers or casual workers.
Statement-2 : Regular salaried employment is a major source of employment in rural areas in India.
In the light of the given statements, choose the correct option from the following :
(A) Statement 1 is true and Statement 2 is false.
(B) Statement 1 is false and Statement 2 is true.
(C) Both Statements 1 and 2 are true.
(D) Both Statements 1 and 2 are false.

"It is short-term unemployment occurring, as people transit between jobs."
On the basis of given definition, identify the type of unemployment indicated.
(Choose the correct option)
Options :
(A) Disguised Unemployment
(B) Seasonal Unemployment
(C) Open Unemployment
(D) Frictional Unemployment

Read the following statements carefully : Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Choose the correct option from those given below :
Assertion (A) : Human capital formation increases the rate of participation of population to economic activities and leads to economic growth.
Reason (R) : Rate of participation of people refers to the percentage of people engaged in production process of a country.
Options :
(A) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(B) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(C) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
(D) Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.

(a) "Cooperatives have received a setback during the recent past."
Justify the given statement with valid explanation.
OR
(b) Explain the reasons behind less number of regular salaried employees in rural areas as compared to urban areas.

Trace the relationship between Human capital and Economic growth.

(a) "Bio-pesticides help to reduce the ill-impacts of green revolution on soil and water bodies while promoting sustainable development."
Justify the given statement with valid explanation.
(b) Define Absorptive capacity.

Read the following text carefully :
Agro-startups and rural enterprises are becoming increasingly vital for rural development in India... These ventures bring in technological innovations such as precision farming... By streamlining supply chains and creating direct market linkages... Such enterprises contribute actively to employment generation in the rural areas...
On the basis of given text and common understanding, answer the following questions :
(a) Explain, how agro-startups address the critical challenges faced by the agricultural sector.
(b) Comment on the role of government in supporting agro-startups and entrepreneurs in India.

Identify, the options that emphasize the role of information and technology.
(i) Achieving sustainable development
(ii) Attainment of food security
(iii) Disseminates information regarding emerging technologies.
Options :
(A) Only (i)
(B) Only (ii)
(C) (i) and (ii)
(D) (i), (ii) and (iii)

______ are the people who operate their own farms / enterprises.
(Choose the correct option to fill up the blank)
(A) Hired Workers
(B) Casual Wage Workers
(C) Regular Salaried Employees
(D) Self-Employed