Class 12 English 2020 Board Exam

Donated Organs and their Transportation
(1) Once an organ donor's family gives its consent and the organs are matched to a recipient, medical professionals are faced with the onerous challenge of transporting organs while ensuring that the harvested organ reaches its destination in the shortest possible time. This is done in order to preserve the harvested organs which involves the police especially the traffic police department.
(2) The traditional method of transporting organs by road is referred to as a "green corridor". This process entails police escorting an ambulance, so as to move around traffic. - usually, a specific traffic lane is chosen and all signals on the route stay green to ensure it to reach its destination in the shortest possible time. A "green corridor" is a route cleared and cordoned off by the traffic police to ensure the smooth and steady transportation of harvested organs, on most occasions, to those awaiting a life-saving transplant. Organs tend to have a very short preservation time, such as the heart which has to be harvested and transplanted within four hours or the lungs which can be preserved for only six hours once they are harvested.
(3) The first green corridor in India was created by Chennai Traffic Police in September 2008 when they accomplished their task of enabling an ambulance to reach its destination within 11 minutes during peak hour traffic. That organ saved a nine-year-old girl whose life depended on the transplant.
(4) Similarly, such green corridors have been created by traffic police of various cities such as Pune, Mumbai, Delhi NCR etc. Personnel are stationed at selected points to divert, control and clear the traffic giving way to the ambulance. Apart from this, a motorcade of police vehicles accompanies the ambulance ensuring that it does not face any problems. Delhi Traffic Police provided a green corridor from IGI Airport to Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences in Vasant Kunj for transportation of liver. The distance of 14 kms was covered in 11 minutes.
(5) Experts point out the lack of a robust system to transport organs to super-specialty hospitals in least possible time. National Organ and Tissue Transplant Organisation (NOTTO), the country's apex organ donation agency, is now framing a proposal to airlift cadaver organs and will send a report to the Union Health Ministry. "Cadaver organs have a short life and so transplant should be done within a few golden hours." Director (NOTTO) expressed, "Therefore, we are preparing a proposal for airlifting organs at any given moment."
(6) Most states do not have enough well-trained experts to retrieve or perform transplant procedures. Also, there is an acute shortage of advanced healthcare facilities to carry out a transplant. So, it is referred to other big centres in metropolitan cities. Organs retrieved from Aurangabad, Indore, Surat and Pune are sent to Mumbai as these cities do not have super-specialty healthcare centres, informed officials.
(7) "In India, about fifty thousand to one lakh patients are suffering from acute heart failure and need heart transplant at any point of time. In a private set-up, a heart transplant costs ₹ 15-20 lakhs, which is followed up by postoperative medication of about ₹ 30,000 per month lifelong."

The first green corridor in India was created in:

The organization which is framing a proposal to airlift cadaver organs is:

The onerous task that the author is talking about in para 1 is:

Most of the people do not go for the heart transplant as:

Most states refer organ transplant cases to big hospitals because:

Heart retrieved from a body is alive only for ________ hours.

What is a 'green corridor'?

Why is smooth transportation of the retrieved organ necessary?

What opinion do you form of Chennai Police with regard to the transportation of the harvested heart?