Physiology & Injuries in Sport — Class 12 Physical Education PYQs

Given below are types of fractures in List – I with their features in List – II :
List – I
Types of Fractures
List – II
Features
(a) Transverse i. Bone breaks diagonally
(b) Oblique ii. Bone is crushed into number of pieces
(c) Green stick iii. Straight break right across a bone.
(d) Comminuted iv. Soft bone, in which bone bends
Match the items of List – I with List – II and choose the correct option from the following :
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(A) iii iv ii i
(B) iii i iv ii
(C) i ii iii iv
(D) ii iii iv i

Describe the following :
(a) Residual Volume
(b) Stroke Volume

Diya went to sports training centre for the first time. Her coach informed her that participation in sports not only promotes physical growth but also has social and psychological benefits. He highlighted numerous physical benefits for muscles, heart and respiratory systems. He advised her to continue daily practice to improve her health related and skill related fitness.
Answer the following questions based on the above case and your prior knowledge :
(i) Which is not a long-term effect of exercises on the muscular system ?
(A) Hypertrophy of muscle
(B) Increase in glycogen stored
(C) Ligament and tendon strengthen
(D) Accumulation of lactate
(ii) What is cardiac output ?
(iii) Choose the correct statement related to tidal volume :
(A) Amount of air inhaled and exhaled in one breath.
(B) Amount of air inhaled in one breath
(C) Amount of blood pumped out by heart in one stroke.
(D) Amount of air exhaled in one breath
(iv) Lactic acid tolerance relates to _________.
(A) Strength
(B) Speed
(C) Flexibility
(D) Endurance

In which of the following fitness component an athlete gives better performance, if he/she has more slow twitch fibre in comparison to fast twitch fibres.
(a) Speed
(b) Strength
(c) Endurance
(d) Flexibility

Describe any three physiological changes due to ageing.

Study the pictures given below :
[Image-1] [Image-2] [Image-3]
Based on the above study and your knowledge, answer the following questions :
(a) Which type of fracture you see in image-1 ?
(b) When a bone breaks diagonally as shown in image-2, it is known as ______.
(c) ______ fracture occurs when the broken ends of the bones are jammed together by the force of the injury.
(d) In which type of fracture bone is broken, splinted, or crushed into number of pieces ?

(For Visually Impaired Candidates Only)
Describe types of fracture. (Any Four)

Which of the following factors, does NOT determine flexibility ?
(a) Joint Structure
(b) Previous Injury
(c) Efficiency of Lungs
(d) Age and Gender

The ability to tolerate higher concentration of ______ can help in improving endurance performance.
(a) Lactic acid
(b) Hydrochloric acid
(c) Acetic acid
(d) Sulphuric acid

Briefly explain any two factors determining endurance.